Figure 4

Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of BER and CRE in crude and nanoparticles. (A) FTIR spectrum of crude BER (Berberine), indicating characteristic peaks of BER in its raw form. (B) FTIR spectrum of crude CRE , showing the characteristic absorption bands of the crude extract. (C) FTIR spectrum of CH-NPs (Chitosan nanoparticles), displaying the specific functional groups of chitosan. (D) FTIR spectrum of BER/CH-NPs, showing the characteristic peaks of both chitosan and berberine, confirming successful encapsulation. (E) FTIR spectrum of CRE/CH-NPs, illustrating the characteristic peaks of chitosan and the crude extract, indicating successful encapsulation. The FTIR spectra in each panel highlight the functional groups present in the samples, confirming the chemical composition and successful loading of BER and CRE into the chitosan nanoparticles.