Table 1 Impact of different growth regulators in the callus induction, fresh weight, and callus status of Physalis alkekengi.

From: Optimized medium composition in Physalis alkekengi callus culture altered nitric oxide level for inducing antioxidant enzyme activities and secondary metabolites

Treatment

Plant growth regulators (mgL−1)

Callus induction (%)

Fresh weight (g)

Callus status

BAP

NAA

Picloram

Con

1.5

0.4

–

100 ± 5.7 a

0.29 ± 0.019 a

Friable, compact, and cream

PIC1

–

–

0.25

100 ± 6.2 a

0.20 ± 0.026 b

Loose and cream

PIC2

–

–

0.5

82 ± 2.6 b

0.18 ± 0.019 bc

Loose and brownish

PIC3

–

–

1

57 ± 4.1 a

0.15 ± 0.012 c

Loose and brownish

PIC4

1.5

–

0.25

100 ± 6.7 a

0.22 ± 0.009 b

Loose and cream

PIC5

1.5

–

0.5

66 ± 3.1 c

0.21 ± 0.021 b

Loose and brownish

PIC6

1.5

–

1

52 ± 3.9 d

0.17 ± 0.018 bc

Loose and brownish

  1. Values are means ± SE of five replicates. Different letters indicated significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences. SE standard error.
  2. Con, control; PIC, picloram; BAP, 6-Benzylaminopurine; NAA, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid.
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