Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients at baseline.
Characteristics | Number (%), mean ± SE or median (25th, 75th percentile) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
ARNI group (n = 23) | Control group (n = 23) | ||
Male (n, %) | 19 (82.6) | 17 (73.9) | NS |
Age (years) | 63.2 ± 2.47 | 69.0 ± 2.22 | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 (23.5, 27.4) | 23.7 (21.0, 25.3) | 0.027 |
SBP (mmHg) | 129 ± 3.48 | 129 ± 2.87 | NS |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.7 ± 2.28 | 79.4 ± 2.64 | NS |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 75.8 ± 2.54 | 76.4 ± 3.22 | NS |
LVEF (%) | 51.9 ± 2.53 | 60.7 ± 1.58 | 0.005 |
FBS (mg/dL) | 110 (100, 141) | 102 (93, 122) | NS |
Fasting blood insulin (µU/mL) | 9.6 (6.3, 12.7) | 5.6 (3.3, 8.0) | 0.0002 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.3 (5.7, 6.6) | 6.1 (5.8, 6.4) | NS |
TG (mg/dL) | 126 (100, 176) | 111 (73, 137) | NS |
HDL (mg/dL) | 61.3 ± 3.53 | 59.4 ± 2.60 | NS |
LDL (mg/dL) | 102 ± 6.79 | 96.2 ± 6.26 | NS |
AST (U/L) | 25 (22, 27) | 26 (21, 28) | NS |
ALT (U/L) | 27 (22, 33) | 22 (17, 25) | 0.043 |
LDH (U/L) | 175 (167, 198) | 183 (170, 195) | NS |
ALP (U/L) | 72.8 ± 5.66 | 76.4 ± 5.24 | NS |
γ-GTP (U/L) | 50 (41, 62) | 34 (18, 57) | 0.027 |
TB (mg/dL) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) | NS |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.42 ± 0.07 | 4.27 ± 0.09 | NS |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 64.9 ± 3.75 | 58.8 ± 3.71 | NS |
UA (mg/dL) | 6.44 ± 0.27 | 6.27 ± 0.30 | NS |
BNP (pg/mL) | 17.1 (8.7, 69.9) | 46 (18.7, 109) | NS |
NEFA (μEq/L) | 545 ± 48.6 | 542 ± 47.8 | NS |
TKB (μmol/L) | 71 (51, 122) | 59 (45, 84) | NS |
Underlying main cardiovascular diseases | |||
Ischemic heart disease (n, %) | 12 (52.2) | 12 (52.2) | NS |
Cardiomyopathy (n, %) | 8 (34.8) | 2 (8.7) | 0.032 |
Arrhythmia (n, %) | 2 (8.7) | 8 (34.8) | 0.032 |
Valvular disease (n, %) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.3) | NS |
Congenital heart disease (n, %) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0) | NS |
Comorbidities | |||
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 7 (30.4) | 3 (13.0) | NS |
Hypertension (n, %) | 19 (82.6) | 17 (73.9) | NS |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 20 (87.0) | 20 (87.0) | NS |
Renal dysfunction (n, %) | 8 (34.8) | 12 (52.2) | NS |
Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 1 (4.3) | 5 (21.7) | NS |
Medications | |||
Beta-blockers (n, %) | 17 (73.9) | 20 (87.0) | NS |
MRAs (n, %) | 11 (47.8) | 5 (21.7) | NS |
Diuretics (n, %) | 10 (43.5) | 11 (47.8) | NS |
SGLT2 inhibitors (n, %) | 2 (8.70) | 2 (8.70) | NS |
Lipid-lowering drugs (n, %) | 19 (82.6) | 18 (78.3) | NS |
Antidiabetic agents* (n, %) | 5 (21.7) | 2 (8.70) | NS |
