Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of participants according to BNP levels.

From: Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide is independently associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease

Variables

All (n = 1078)

BNP (pg/mL)

P for trend

Low (n = 573) (5.8–39.9 pg/mL)

Middle (n = 259) (40.2–99.6 pg/mL)

High (n = 246) (100.8–1431.5 pg/mL)

Age (years)

71 (60, 78)

65 (50, 74)

75 (68, 80)

77 (70, 82)

 < 0.01

Male, n (%)

695 (65)

355 (62)

160 (62)

180 (73)

 < 0.01

Smoking status, n (%)

570 (53)

287 (50)

138 (53)

145 (59)

0.02

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

380 (35)

163 (29)

108 (42)

109 (44)

 < 0.01

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

772 (72)

420 (73)

195 (75)

157 (64)

0.02

Prior CVDs, n (%)

384 (36)

112 (20)

120 (46)

152 (62)

 < 0.01

IHD, n (%)

148 (14)

30 (5)

56 (22)

62 (25)

 < 0.01

CHF, n (%)

24 (2)

1 (0.2)

5 (2)

18 (7)

 < 0.01

Stroke, n (%)

141 (13)

57 (10)

36 (14)

48 (20)

 < 0.01

PAD, n (%)

155 (14)

43 (8)

48 (19)

64 (26)

 < 0.01

Aortic aneurysm, n (%)

70 (6)

8 (1)

27 (10)

35 (14)

 < 0.01

Aortic dissection, n (%)

8 (0.7)

0 (0)

4 (2)

4 (2)

 < 0.01

Malignancy, n (%)

90 (8)

27 (5)

32 (12)

31 (13)

 < 0.01

Use of RAAS inhibitor, n (%)

649 (60)

301 (53)

175 (68)

173 (70)

 < 0.01

Use of β-blocker, n (%)

198 (18)

44 (8)

64 (25)

90 (37)

 < 0.01

Use of diuretics, n (%)

291 (27)

91 (16)

88 (34)

112 (46)

 < 0.01

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

132 (119, 144)

127 (117, 138)

134 (121, 148)

141 (129, 152)

 < 0.01

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

72 (65,80)

73 (67, 81)

69 (62, 77)

71 (63, 78)

 < 0.01

BMI (kg/m2)

22.9 (20.5, 25.2)

23.2 (20.8, 26.0)

22.6 (20.2, 24.9)

21.9 (19.9, 24.1)

 < 0.01

CRP (mg/L)

0.9 (0.5, 1.9)

0.8 (0.5, 1.7)

0.9 (0.5, 1.9)

1.2 (0.5, 2.5)

 < 0.01

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.0 (9.5, 12.7)

12.0 (10.7, 13.5)

10.3 (9.3, 11.7)

9.5 (8.4, 10.9)

 < 0.01

Seum albumin (g/dL)

3.5 (3.1, 3.8)

3.6 (3.3, 3.9)

3.4 (3.0, 3.7)

3.2 (2.8, 3.5)

 < 0.01

Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)

3.7 (3.3, 4.1)

3.6 (3.3, 4.0)

3.6 (3.2, 4.1)

3.8 (3.3, 4.2)

 < 0.01

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

30.3 (17.8, 49.8)

39.8 (23.8, 64.4)

25.7 (16.7, 37.7)

20.5(13.8, 31.7)

 < 0.01

Daily proteinuria (g)

0.92 (0.22, 2.50)

0.75 (0.20, 1.90)

0.91 (0.22, 2.96)

1.51 (0.45, 3.23)

 < 0.01

BNP (pg/mL)

34.5 (13.7, 88.4)

14.4 (6.9, 24.3)

60.9 (49.7, 75.5)

190.3 (132.8, 333.3)

 < 0.01

LVEF (%)

69 (64, 74)

70 (66, 75)

70 (65, 75)

66 (60, 73)

 < 0.01

LAD (mm)

39 (34, 44)

37 (32, 41)

40 (36, 45)

44 (38, 49)

 < 0.01

LVMI (g/m2)

118 (94, 146)

103 (83, 127)

131 (107, 154)

147 (121, 182)

 < 0.01

  1. Values are expressed as number (percent) or median (interquartile range).
  2. BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, CVD cardiovascular disease, IHD ischemic heart disease, CHF congestive heart failure, PAD peripheral artery disease, RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LAD left atrial diameter, LVMI left ventricular mass index.
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