Table 2 Characteristic of study participants according to quartiles of healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015).
From: Healthy eating index and risk of diminished ovarian reserve: a case–control study
Variable | Case (120) | Control (250) | P** | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P* | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P* | |||
Age (years) | 33.16 ± 3.74 | 33.84 ± 3.19 | 33.71 ± 2.69 | 32.87 ± 2.98 | 0.670 | 32.71 ± 3.22 | 32.75 ± 2.86 | 33.14 ± 3.04 | 33.15 ± 3.58 | 0.786 | 0.196 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.04 ± 2.28 | 29.89 ± 2.93 | 30.04 ± 2.62 | 29.22 ± 2.28 | 0.593 | 27.56 ± 3.44 | 28.09 ± 3.50 | 27.52 ± 3.50 | 27.79 ± 3.40 | 0.771 | 0.235 | |
Weight (kg) | 82.34 ± 3.82 | 81.20 ± 3.31 | 82.32 ± 4.99 | 83.54 ± 4.04 | 0.263 | 77.31 ± 5.61 | 77.87 ± 5.65 | 79.10 ± 3.97 | 78.75 ± 3.26 | 0.157 | 0.487 | |
FM (kg) | 39.20 ± 6.46 | 40.35 ± 9.39 | 36.73 ± 5.66 | 37.25 ± 6.42 | 0.199 | 36.40 ± 9.29 | 35.71 ± 9.14 | 37.72 ± 7.41 | 36.25 ± 9.65 | 0.653 | 0.020 | |
FFM (kg) | 58.51 ± 12.07 | 58.67 ± 11.70 | 56.34 ± 10.90 | 58.27 ± 10.54 | 0.855 | 60.12 ± 11.56 | 60.72 ± 12.30 | 58.56 ± 12.16 | 61.01 ± 12.09 | 0.705 | 0.098 | |
WC (cm) | 108.44 ± 37.54 | 100.72 ± 35.97 | 90.75 ± 24.70 | 106.08 ± 42.38 | 0.217 | 91.67 ± 13.92 | 92.58 ± 11.62 | 90.80 ± 12.31 | 91.52 ± 11.66 | 0.885 | 0.002 | |
HC (cm) | 111.24 ± 33.07 | 107.24 ± 32.80 | 104.32 ± 28.82 | 112.77 ± 31.86 | 0.745 | 106.56 ± 12.40 | 107.10 ± 10.76 | 105.15 ± 10.42 | 105.13 ± 12.75 | 0.716 | 0.316 | |
WHR | 0.93 ± 0.13 | 0.89 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.12 | 0.87 ± 0.11 | 0.226 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | 0.776 | 0.003 | |
SBP (mmHg) | 120.95 ± 13.04 | 120.68 ± 12.11 | 120.85 ± 12.31 | 127.50 ± 12.85 | 0.157 | 121.78 ± 13.54 | 125.07 ± 14.07 | 121.07 ± 14.63 | 126.86 ± 13.48 | 0.086 | 0.341 | |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.93 ± 10.00 | 79.84 ± 13.59 | 80.39 ± 11.06 | 80.50 ± 13.38 | 0.774 | 80.80 ± 11.32 | 82.14 ± 12.05 | 80.53 ± 9.56 | 84.41 ± 9.46 | 0.223 | 0.056 | |
AFC count | 2.48 ± 1.24 | 2.40 ± 0.95 | 2.25 ± 1.32 | 2.12 ± 1.22 | 0.653 | 9.76 ± 2.15 | 9.50 ± 2.30 | 9.60 ± 2.20 | 9.45 ± 2.36 | 0.859 | < 0.001 | |
AMH (ng/ml) | 0.49 ± 0.23 | 0.75 ± 1.52 | 0.55 ± 0.22 | 0.49 ± 0.16 | 0.518 | 3.94 ± 1.16 | 4.09 ± 1.23 | 4.20 ± 1.22 | 4.28 ± 1.10 | 0.402 | < 0.001 | |
Physical activity (MET/h/day) | 18.25 ± 4.12 | 18.60 ± 4.15 | 19.75 ± 4.34 | 20.12 ± 3.67 | 0.229 | 18.90 ± 4.59 | 18.98 ± 4.57 | 19.16 ± 4.36 | 18.92 ± 4.60 | 0.990 | 0.896 | |
Socioeconomic status (SES) (%) | Low | 4 (9.3) | 3 (12) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (8.3) | 0.904 | 5 (6.8) | 7 (10) | 5 (8.9) | 2 (3.9) | 0.053 | 0.252 |
Middle | 18 (41.9) | 9 (36) | 14 (50) | 9 (37.5) | 47 (64.4) | 47 (64.4) | 30 (53.6) | 22 (43.1) | ||||
High | 21 (48.8) | 13 (52) | 13 (46.4) | 13 (54.2) | 21 (28.8) | 21 (28.8) | 21 (37.5) | 27 (52.9) | ||||
Education (%) | Illiterate | 3 (7) | 7 (28) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (4.2) | 0.055 | 13 (17.8) | 7 (10) | 8 (14.3) | 6 (11.8) | 0.497 | < 0.001 |
≤ High school/diploma | 14 (32.6) | 7 (28) | 4 (14.3) | 6 (25) | 35 (47.9) | 40 (57.1) | 23 (41.1) | 23 (45.1) | ||||
≥ College degree | 26 (60.5) | 11 (44) | 21 (75) | 17 (70.8) | 25 (34.2) | 23 (32.9) | 25 (44.6) | 22 (43.1) | ||||
Occupation | Housewife | 27 (62.8) | 18 (72) | 18 (64.3) | 19 (79.2) | 0.528 | 55 (75.3) | 50 (71.4) | 41 (73.2) | 38 (74.5) | 0.426 | < 0.001 |
Employed | 9 (20.9) | 5 (20) | 7 (25) | 5 (20.8) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (4.3) | 5 (8.9) | 1 (2) | ||||
Student | 7 (16.3) | 2 (8) | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0) | 17 (23.3) | 17 (24.3) | 10 (17.9) | 12 (23.5) | ||||
Pervious pregnancy | Yes | 36 (83.7) | 18 (72) | 25 (89.3) | 20 (83.3) | 0.414 | 59 (80.8) | 58 (82.9) | 44 (78.6) | 42 (82.4) | 0.934 | 0.441 |
No | 7 (16.3) | 7 (28) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (16.7) | 14 (19.2) | 12 (17.1) | 12 (21.4) | 9 (17.6) | ||||
