Table 2 Standards according to WHO protocols and observed ranges and averages.

From: Groundwater contamination modelling in Ayad River Basin, Udaipur

S. no

Water quality parameters

WHO93

Average data (2011–2022)

Desirable limit

Permissible limit

Min

Max

Ave

1

Nitrate (NO3−) mg/L

–

50

0.01

650.03

57.14

2

Fluoride (F−) mg/L

0.6

4

0.01

4.13

0.58

3

Total dissolved solids (TDS) mg/L

500

1000

331.50

4270.50

1082.06