Table 1 Summary of life history, vectors, blood analysis, and traits of Parus major nestlings in four urbanization categories (forest, sparsely-, moderately-, highly-developed).

From: Haemosporidian intensity and nestlings' life-history along an urban-to-rural gradient

	Forest	± s.d	%	Sparsely	± s.d	%	Moderately	± s.d	%	Highly	± s.d	%
Monitoring data*
Nest boxes	23			25			22			22
Occupied nest boxes**	16			14			17			7
Nest boxes (sampled day 15)	13			11			14			6
Eggs	142			127			135			59
Mean eggs	8.88	1.67		9.07	1.94		7.94	1.34		8.43	2.23
Number of hatchlings	124			105			111			46
Mean number of hatchlings	7.75	2.79		7.50	2.98		6.53	2.27		6.57	3.10
Number of nestlings	113			88			91			42
Mean number of nestlings	7.06	3.82		6.29	3.99		5.35	3.16		6.00	2.94
Vectors
Number of sites sampled for	16			16			16			7
Culicidae females	6			82			26			7
Ceratopogonidae females	14			4			7			0
Simuliidae females	0			0			1			0
Mean female vectors	1.25	1.69		5.38	15.70		2.13	2.45		1.00	1.41
Total vectors (incl. males)	23			91			50			9
Mean total vectors (incl. males)	1.44	1.90		5.69	15.90		3.13	4.13		1.29	1.70
Blood analysis
N (measured slides)	98			71			70			38
Infected conservative	7		7.14	5		7.04	13		18.57	4		10.53
Infected total	92		93.88	68		95.77	65		92.86	38		100.00
Conservative parasite intensity	0.08	0.31		0.07	0.26		5.89	34.70		0.21	0.66
Total parasite intensity	6.22	6.29		4.48	3.45		13.37	40.22		9.16	7.37
Heterophils	4.94	4.17		5.52	5.27		8.37	7.97		6.24	5.14
Lymphocytes	19.34	43.07		10.31	6.86		12.86	12.31		8.29	6.46
H/L-ratio	0.52	0.78		0.67	0.74		0.95	0.97		1.05	1.09
Leukocytes	25.99	44.71		17.11	10.65		22.47	18.13		16.18	10.37
Ectoparasites
N (checked nestlings)	113			86			87			41
Infested nestlings	6		5.31	4		4.65	9		10.34	0		0.00
Mean ectoparasites	0.08	0.38		0.07	0.37		0.11	0.36		0	0.00
Eco-morphological traits and body-condition
N (measured nestlings)	113			87			87			42
Fat deposit	3.35	0.56		2.63	0.70		2.73	0.54		2.88	0.86
Muscle score	2.53	0.50		2.44	0.52		2.28	0.66		2.36	0.58
Scaled mass index (g)	17.85	1.27		16.9	1.66		17.37	1.67		17.00	1.24
Bill length (mm)	7.42	0.41		7.28	0.51		7.18	0.49		7.07	0.45
Asymmetry (TR/TL; mm)	1.01	0.02		1.01	0.03		1.01	0.02		1.01	0.02

Given are the mean ± s.d. (standard deviation), or where specified, N (%). *Mean values refer to occupied nest boxes only. **Occupied nest boxes = all boxes in which Parus major eggs were observed.

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Table 1 Summary of life history, vectors, blood analysis, and traits of Parus major nestlings in four urbanization categories (forest, sparsely-, moderately-, highly-developed).

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