Table 4 Association Between Paternal Autism Traits and Non-Participation in Parenting Behaviors.

From: Associations between paternal autism traits and parenting from the Japan environment and children’s study

Outcome

Not preparing meals for the child and helping them eat

Not changing the child’s diapers and cleaning up the waste

Not bathing with the child

Not helping the child change clothes

Not playing with the child

Exposure

Fathers’ autism traits

Crude

OR [95% CI]

1.10 [1.01, 1.21]

1.08 [0.98, 1.18]

1.06 [0.94, 1.19]

1.18 [1.06, 1.30]

1.24 [1.03, 1.49]

Adjusted (n = 33,429)

OR [95% CI]

1.11 [1.01, 1.23]

1.07 [0.96, 1.18]

1.06 [0.93, 1.21]

1.17 [1.04, 1.31]

1.17 [0.95, 1.44]

  1. CI Confidence interval; OR Odds ratio; ref Reference.
  2. Adjusted for fathers’ psychological distress, length of fathers’ workday, fathers’ education, fathers’ age, mothers’ employment status, living with grandparents, marital status, household income, mothers’ psychological distress, firstborn, sex of child, and cognitive developmental delay (child).
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