Figure 7

Morphologic characterization of NB4 cells before (A) and after treatment with 100 (B), 150 (C), and 200 µM (D) of 6-gingerol (DAPI staining, × 100 magnification). As shown, 6-gingerol reduced the number of viable cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the most significant reduction observed at 200 µM. Furthermore, DAPI staining revealed that 6-gingerol also caused nuclear changes, such as chromatin condensation/fragmentation (red arrow) and nuclear blebbing (white arrow).