Table 2 The O. basilicum growth parameters (mean ± SD; n = 33) and SPAD (n = 18) cultured in pots of control with commercial substrate (S2: 100% “Einheitserde”: E, + dried starter fertiliser, Trial II) and irrigated with hydroponic fertiliser solution (Control + S2), and basil cultured in pots with 15% Humicacid Fiber-Substrate (HFS) and 85% standard growth media substrate (Einheitserde) with irrigation of extensive (EAU) and intensive (IAU) aquaculture process water after 45 days; different letters showing different groups (p < 0.05; p-I: significance value (p) between Control & EAU; p-II: between Control & IAU; p-III: between EAU and IAU).

61.2 ± 5.5^a

40.5 ± 3.8^c

48.2 ± 5.4^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

56.2 ± 10.0^a

19.5 ± 5.6^c

27.9 ± 6.0^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

5.2 ± 0.9^a

1.6 ± 0.4^c

2.5 ± 0.6^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

42.6 ± 4.3^a

23.6 ± 4.0^c

30.8 ± 4.6^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

45.8 ± 8.8^a

13.3 ± 3.8^c

21.1 ± 5.0^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

4.4 ± 0.8^a

1.3 ± 0.3^c

2.0 ± 0.6^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

18.6 ± 3.1^a

16.9 ± 1.6^b

17.4 ± 2.0^ab

0.020

0.179

0.617

10.4 ± 6.0^a

6.3 ± 2.5^b

6.8 ± 2.2^b

0.001

0.003

1.000

0.8 ± 0.2^a

0.4 ± 0.1^b

0.4 ± 0.1^b

0.001

0.001

0.224

6.0 ± 1.7^a

3.9 ± 2.3^c

4.8 ± 1.4^b

0.001

0.038

0.007

2.4 ± 0.5^a

1.4 ± 0.3^c

1.8 ± 0.3^b

0.001

0.001

0.003

60.6 ± 6.8^a

26.6 ± 5.6^c

38.2 ± 8.3^b

0.001

0.001

0.003

7.7 ± 0.5^a

6.8 ± 0.4^b

7.5 ± 0.6^a

0.001

0.893

0.001

11.8 ± 0.7^a

9.4 ± 0.7^c

10.7 ± 0.7^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

1.1 ± 0.1^a

0.7 ± 0.1^c

0.9 ± 0.1^b

0.001

0.001

0.001

37.3 ± 3.0^a

33.6 ± 3.1^b

33.9 ± 3.1^b

0.001

0.004

0.940