Table 4 Comparison of chemo-physical water parameters (mean ± SD) of the extensive (EAU) and intensive (IAU) aquaculture units with C. gariepinus production; different letters show different groups (p < 0.05).

7.3 ± 0.2^a

6.3 ± 0.7^b

0.001

91.7 ± 2.5^a

79.0 ± 8.3^b

0.001

27.2 ± 0.5^a

26.8 ± 0.4^b

0.001

6.6 ± 0.8^a

5.3 ± 1.0^b

0.001

1022.9 ± 91.2^b

1603.6 ± 230.6^a

0.001

0.5 ± 0.0^b

0.8 ± 0.1^a

0.001

166.9 ± 19.8^b

185.1 ± 30.2^a

0.004

0.38 ± 0.278^b

1.92 ± 1.531^a

0.001

0.28 ± 0.15^b

1.6 ± 1.6^a

0.001

241.61 ± 109.49^b

501.64 ± 70.79^a

0.001

241.88 ± 109.58^b

503.28 ± 71.64^a

0.001

17.56 ± 4.60^a

13.80 ± 9.91^a

0.464

7.00 ± 2.50^b

11.73 ± 3.39^a

0.001

17.49 ± 3.99^a

18.93 ± 4.31^a

0.437

109.88 ± 27.11^b

199.76 ± 23.11^a

0.001

0.02 ± 0.01^a

0.02 ± 0.01^a

0.238

80.55 ± 16.06^b

97.47 ± 18.33^a

0.002