Table 1 Evaluation of heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy of causal effect between cathepsin O and knee osteoarthritis using different methods.

From: Genetic insights into serum cathepsins as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in knee and hip osteoarthritis

Exposure

Outcome

Heterogeneity

Pleiotropy

MR-PRESSO

IVW

MR Egger

MR Egger

Q

Q_pval

Q

Q_pval

intercept

pval

RSSobs

pval

Cathepsin O

Knee osteoarthritis

2.729

0.994

2.373

0.993

0.006

0.564

3.268

0.992