Table 1 Evaluation of heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy of causal effect between cathepsin O and knee osteoarthritis using different methods.
Exposure | Outcome | Heterogeneity | Pleiotropy | MR-PRESSO | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVW | MR Egger | MR Egger | |||||||
Q | Q_pval | Q | Q_pval | intercept | pval | RSSobs | pval | ||
Cathepsin O | Knee osteoarthritis | 2.729 | 0.994 | 2.373 | 0.993 | 0.006 | 0.564 | 3.268 | 0.992 |