Table 3 Range (search space) and selected values of hyperparameters.

From: Bayesian-optimized LSTM-DWT approach for reliable fault detection in MMC-based HVDC systems

Hyperparameter

Range

Selected value

Learning rate

1 × 10–5 to 1 × 10–2

0.009

Number of LSTM units

50 to 500

129

Number of layers

1 to 3

3

Batch size

16 to 256

32

Dropout rate

0 to 0.5

0.5