Table 6 Fault detection accuracy in noisy environments for 2 ms window.
From: Bayesian-optimized LSTM-DWT approach for reliable fault detection in MMC-based HVDC systems
Fault types | Accuracy (20 dB) | Accuracy (25 dB) | Accuracy (30 dB) | Accuracy (45 dB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PTP | 96.7% | 96.7% | 97.7% | 98.9% |
P-PTG | 91.4% | 92.5% | 93.5% | 95.7% |
N-PTG | 96.5% | 97.7% | 97.7% | 98.9% |
External faults | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Overall accuracy | 95.5% | 96.2% | 96.8% | 98.1% |
