Table 3 Univariate analysis and multivariable-adjusted ORs (CIs) for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle-related predictors of hypertension in type 2 diabetes.

From: Hypertension among persons with type 2 diabetes and its related demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in the Fasa cohort study

Variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Age groups

  35–44

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  45–55

3.6 (2.4–5.4)

< 0.001

4.0 (2.6–6.1)

< 0.001

  55–64

5.8 (3.9–8.5)

< 0.001

6.5 (4.2–10.1)

< 0.001

  >  = 65

8.1 (4.9–13.2)

< 0.001

8.1 (4.6–14.3)

< 0.001

Gender

  Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Female

1.9 (1.5–2.5)

< 0.001

1.8 (1.2–2.5)

0.002

Marital status

  Married

0.59 (0.42–0.82)

0.002

0.92 (0.62–1.3)

0.58

  Other

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ethnicity

  Fars

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

0.004

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

0.01

  Turk

1.7 (1.1–2.4)

0.008

1.6 (1.1–2.5)

0.02

  Other

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Education level

  Illiterate

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Elementary

0.57 (0.44–0.75)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.68–1.3)

0.68

  Guidance school

0.37 (0.23–0.58)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.59–1.7)

0.96

  >  = Diploma

0.23 (0.12–0.45)

< 0.001

0.66 (0.30–1.4)

0.30

Smoking

  Yes

0.54 (0.37–0.80)

0.002

0.87 (0.55–1.4)

0.58

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Physical activity

  Low

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Moderate

0.79 (0.60–1.0)

0.09

0.69 (0.51–0.94)

0.02

  High

0.54 (0.41–0.71)

< 0.001

0.57 (0.42–0.78)

< 0.001

Wealth index

  Very low

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Low

1.03 (0.73–1.5)

0.86

1.08 (0.74–1.6)

0.67

  Moderate

0.94 (0.67–1.3)

0.76

0.98 (0.66–1.5)

0.94

  High

0.77 (0.54–1.1)

0.15

0.81 (0.55–1.2)

0.31

  Very high

0.62 (0.43–0.88)

0.009

0.88 (0.58–1.3)

0.57

Opium use

  Yes

0.56 (0.39–0.81)

0.002

0.99 (0.62–1.6)

0.99

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

BMI

  Under weight and normal

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Overweight

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

< 0.001

1.8 (1.3–2.3)

< 0.001

  Obesity

2.5 (1.9–3.4)

< 0.001

2.7 (2.0–3.8)

< 0.001

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