Table 2 Cardiac morphology and function values obtained through two-dimensional echocardiography in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) untrained (N = 16) and trained (N = 16) treated with vehicle (N = 08) or pyridostigmine bromide (PYR; N = 08).

From: Chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition reduces the effects of physical training on ventricular contractility and coronary bed reactivity in hypertensive rats

 

Untrained

Trained

Drug factor

Training factor

Interaction

Vehicle

PYR

Vehicle

PYR

F(d.f)

p

F(d.f)

p

F(d.f)

p

Morphology

 Final weight, g

356 ± 8

350 ± 6

365 ± 8

367 ± 6

F(1,31): 0.05

0.82

F(1,31):3.09

0.09

F(1,31):0.25

0.62

 Heart weight, g

1.94 ± 0.10

1.86 ± 0.05

1.97 ± 0.10

1.88 ± 0.11

F(1,31):0.78

0.39

F(1,31):0.08

0.78

F(1,31):0.01

0.91

 Heart relative weight, mg/g

5.41 ± 0.19

5.33 ± 0.20

5.42 ± 0.29

5.11 ± 0.24

F(1,31):0.73

0.40

F(1,31):0.22

0.65

F(1,31):0.24

0.63

 PWT, mm/kg

9.3 ± 0.12

8.8 ± 0.10a

8.3 ± 0.16a

9.9 ± 0.22a,b,c

F(1;47):13.65

 < 0.001

F(1;47):0.103

0.750

F(1;47):47.72

 < 0.001

 IVST, mm/kg

8.8 ± 0.14

8.5 ± 0.19

8.2 ± 0.11a

9.3 ± 0.14a,b,c

F(1;47):10.27

0.003

F(1;47):0.348

0.560

F(1;47):18.49

 < 0.001

 RWT

0.51 ± 0.01

0.47 ± 0.01a

0.43 ± 0.01a,b

0.50 ± 0.01c

F(1;47):2.06

0.163

F(1;47):7.32

0.011

F(1;47):24.48

 < 0.001

 LVEDD, mm/kg

36.3 ± 0.53

37.3 ± 0.84

38.8 ± 0.56a

39.8 ± 0.45a,b

F(1;47):2.67

0.114

F(1;47):16.67

 < 0.001

F(1;47):0.01

0.98

 LVESD, mm/kg

22.6 ± 0.46

23.7 ± 0.60

24.2 ± 0.41a

24.9 ± 0.44a,b

F(1;47):3.03

0.093

F(1;47):8.40

0.007

F(1;47):0.20

0.656

Functionality

 HR, bpm

356 ± 6

323 ± 5a

326 ± 5a

312 ± 6a

F(2,47):18.32

 < 0.001

F(1,47):13.78

 < 0.001

F(2,47):2.86

0.102

 LVEDV, μL/g

1.39 ± 0.04

1.44 ± 0.05

1.51 ± 0.05

1.63 ± 0.06a,b

F(1;47):2.71

0.111

F(1;47):8.48

0.007

F(1;47):0.621

0.437

 LVESV, μL/g

0.35 ± 0.03

0.38 ± 0.04

0.36 ± 0.03

0.40 ± 0.02

F(1;47):1.39

0.248

F(1;47):0.166

0.687

F(1;47):0.012

0.915

 Stroke volume, μL/g

1.04 ± 0.05

1.06 ± 0.06

1.12 ± 0.06

1.23 ± 0.04a,b

F(1;47):0.888

0.354

F(1;47):7.06

0.013

F(1;47):0.458

0.504

 Ejection fraction, %

75 ± 2

74 ± 3

76 ± 3

76 ± 2

F(2,47):0.114

0,738

F(1,47):0.404

0.530

F(2,47):0.025

0.875

 Shortening fraction, %

35 ± 1

34 ± 2

37 ± 2

37 ± 1

F(2,47):0.001

0,979

F(1,47):2.93

0.098

F(2,47):0.072

0.790

 Cardiac output, mL/min

115 ± 5

129 ± 6

137 ± 5

141 ± 4

F(2,47):3.69

0.065

F(1,47):12.05

0.002

F(2,47):1.05

0.314

 Cardiac index, mL/g

0.37 ± 0.02

0.37 ± 0.03

0.38 ± 0.02

0.39 ± 0.01

F(2,47):0.014

0.906

F(1,47):0.492

0.489

F(2,47):0.141

0.711

  1. Significant values are in italics.
  2. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Two-way analysis of variance associated with the Student–Newman–Keuls test evaluated the effects of pyridostigmine bromide and aerobic physical training. PYR pyridostigmine bromide, F factor, d.f. degrees of freedom, F factor, d.f. degrees of freedom, g gram, mg/g milligram per gram, PWT posterior wall thickness, IVST interventricular septum thickness, RWT relative wall thickness, LVEDD left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, LVESD left ventricle end-systolic diameter, mm/kg millimeters per kilo, HR heart rate, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, μL/g microliters per gram, % percentage, bpm beats per minute, mL/min milliliters per minute, mL/g milliliters per gram. ap < 0.05 vs. untrained vehicle group; bp < 0.05 vs. untrained PYR group; cp < 0.05 vs. trained vehicle group.
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