Table 1 Commonly employed methodologies for UAVs fault detection and diagnosis.

From: UAV propeller fault diagnosis using deep learning of non-traditional χ2-selected Taguchi method-tested Lempel–Ziv complexity and Teager–Kaiser energy features

References

Methodology

Remarks

22

Statistical feature extraction in UAV motors

Focuses on sound-based methods, lacks integration with deep learning

23

SVM classification with embedded feature extraction

Limited to specific motor faults, does not utilize complex feature sets

24

Convolutional neural networks with transfer learning for audio-based diagnosis

Employs CNNs but does not combine with other sophisticated methods

25

Compound fault labeling and diagnosis based on flight data and BIT record

Integrates multiple data sources but lacks advanced analytical techniques

26

Audio signal analysis for unbalanced blade detection

Utilizes traditional signal processing, limited in scope to specific fault types

27

Acoustic inspection system for wind turbines via UAVs

Focuses on structural health, not directly applicable to UAV internal faults

28

Frequency domain analysis for wind turbine inspection

Specific to wind turbines, does not translate directly to UAVs

29

Data-driven diagnosis under multiple operation conditions

Emphasizes data-driven methods without integrating novel feature extraction

30

Robust adaptive sliding mode for fault-tolerant control

Focuses on control solutions rather than diagnostic capabilities

31

Sensor fault diagnosis with Auto Sequential Random Forest

Utilizes advanced forestry methods but does not integrate diverse data features