Table 4 OPF results by proposed HDRL-QIGA model (with renewable integration).
Metric | Case 1 (fuel cost) | Case 2 (power loss) | Case 3 (voltage profile) | Case 4 (combined) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PG1 | 140.0 | 45.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
PG2 | 40.0 | 30.0 | 45.0 | 40.0 |
PPV5 | 15.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 |
PWT8 | 10.0 | 35.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 |
PPV11 | 10.0 | 25.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
PWT13 | 12.0 | 40.0 | 20.0 | 15.0 |
VG1 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.03 |
VG2 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.02 |
VG5 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.99 |
VG8 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 0.99 |
VG11 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.05 |
VG13 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
QC10 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 2.3 |
QC12 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
QC15 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
QC17 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 1.7 |
QC20 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 2.0 |
QC21 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
QC23 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.6 |
QC24 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.0 |
QC29 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 |
Fuel cost ($) | 620.45 | 730.0 | 670.0 | 650.0 |
Power loss (MW) | 5.0 | 1.8 | 5.3 | 3.5 |
Voltage deviation | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
