Table 4 Top symptoms for each age bracket and their relationship with impairment.

From: Improving posttraumatic stress disorder assessment in young children: comparing measures and identifying clinically-relevant symptoms in children ages six and under

Ages 1–2

Ages 3–4

Ages 5–6

Full Sample (Ages 1–6)

Symptom

%

β

Symptom

%

β

Symptom

%

β

Symptom

%

β

Clinginess

29

0.364

Clinginess

67

-0.020

Clinginess

59

0.511*

Clinginess

54

0.300*

Tantrums

21

-0.176

Intrusive memories

62

0.272

Intrusive memories

59

0.413

Intrusive memories

47

0.324*

Startle

21

0.385

Nightmares

57

0.385

Nightmares

59

0.561**

Nightmares

42

0.386**

   

New fears

52

0.164

Startle

59

0.659***

Startle

42

0.585***

      

New fears

55

0.545**

New fears

42

0.326*

      

Hypervigilance

55

0.691***

Sleep problems

42

0.333*

      

Sleep problems

55

0.540*

Hypervigilance

39

0.465***

      

Concentration

55

.496*

Tantrums

37

0.333*

         

Concentration

35

0.425***

  1. Symptoms that are part of both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 models are in bold. ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05, p < .09.