Table 3 Comparisons of airway area measurements (mm2) between the three study groups.

From: The effect of different functional appliances on the sagittal pharyngeal airway dimension in skeletal class II: a retrospective study

 

IMA (n = 20)

MB (n = 20)

TB (n = 20)

p value 1

Mean (SD)

NPAA

T0

366.70 (11.57)

372.60 (24.12)

368.20 (10.35)

0.51

T1

501.85 (23.43) a

442.32 (20.09) b

496.53 (27.96) a

 < 0.001*

Difference

135.15 (19.92) a

69.73 (26.69) b

128.33 (33.58) a

 < 0.001*

p value 2

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 

OPAA

T0

189.55 (33.14)

173.50 (40.58)

181.75 (33.15)

0.37

T1

332.60 (18.14) a

230.95 (57.96) b

301.05 (17.04) a

 < 0.001*

Difference

143.05 (33.49) a

57.45 (48.44) b

119.30 (32.71) a

 < 0.001*

p value 2

 < 0.001*

0.001*

 < 0.001*

 

LPAA

T0

289.65 (33.55)

274.35 (28.43)

287.50 (41.93)

0.34

T1

347.25 (29.95) a

309.25 (13.02) b

337.65 (54.00) a

0.005*

Difference

57.60 (19.12) a

34.90 (34.76) b

50.15 (25.75) a

0.03*

p value 2

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 
  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. T0, pre-treatment; T1, post-treatment; SD, standard deviation.
  3. p value 1: Comparisons between the two study groups using one-way ANOVA (for T0 and T1 comparisons), and Kruskal Wallis test (for difference comparisons).
  4. p value 2: Comparisons between T0 and T1 within each group using paired t-test.
  5. a, b: different letters denote statistically significant differences between groups using Bonferroni adjustment.
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