Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model of various outcomes in patients with stages I–III intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (N = 804).
From: Prognostic factors in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Variables | Overall survival | Cancer-specific survival | Disease-free survival | Local recurrence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
Initial surgery treatment (no) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 0.58 (0.48–0.71) | 0.54 (0.43–0.68) | 0.47 (0.39–0.57) | 0.39 (0.32–0.48) | ||||
Age, years (55–64) | < 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.706 | 0.496 | ||||
25–54 | 0.71 (0.54–0.92) | 0.011 | 0.74 (0.54–1.02) | 0.062 | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 0.746 | 0.91 (0.70–1.18) | 0.462 |
65–74 | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 0.845 | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.524 | 1.05 (0.84–1.33) | 0.655 | 1.05 (0.83–1.34) | 0.669 |
75–85 | 1.39 (1.07–1.81) | 0.013 | 1.39 (1.01–1.91) | 0.046 | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) | 0.249 | 1.18 (0.90–1.56) | 0.229 |
Gender (male) | 0.848 | 0.543 | 0.620 | 0.937 | ||||
Female | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | 0.99 (0.82–1.21) | ||||
Differentiation (poor or none) | 0.871 | 0.554 | 0.009 | 0.027 | ||||
Well or moderate | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | 0.603 | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.944 | 0.76 (0.64–0.91) | 0.003 | 0.78 (0.64–0.94) | 0.010 |
Unknown | 1.00 (0.62–1.61) | 0.983 | 1.35 (0.78–2.35) | 0.282 | 0.74 (0.48–1.13) | 0.160 | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | 0.201 |
Tumor size, cm (< 5.0) | 0.002 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
5.0–9.9 | 1.50 (1.21–1.85) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (1.23–2.08) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.29–1.94) | < 0.001 | 1.58 (1.27–1.96) | < 0.001 |
≥ 10.0 | 1.47 (1.09–2.00) | 0.013 | 1.75 (1.22–2.50) | 0.002 | 1.54 (1.15–2.07) | 0.004 | 1.57 (1.16–2.13) | 0.004 |
Unspecified | 1.33 (0.96–1.85) | 0.084 | 1.42 (0.94–2.15) | 0.094 | 1.26 (0.92–1.74) | 0.156 | 1.38 (0.99–1.93) | 0.055 |
Diabetes (no) | 0.154 | 0.027 | 0.869 | 0.792 | ||||
Yes | 1.16 (0.95–1.44) | 1.33 (1.03–1.70) | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | ||||
Virus-related status (HBV infection) | 0.853 | 0.168 | 0.914 | 0.488 | ||||
No HBV or HCV infection | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 0.483 | 1.37 (1.01–1.86) | 0.045 | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | 0.944 | 0.96 (0.73–1.25) | 0.748 |
HCV infection | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.821 | 0.97 (0.61–1.53) | 0.878 | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | 0.562 | 0.74 (0.49–1.10) | 0.132 |
HBV & HCV infection | 1.14 (0.66–1.98) | 0.628 | 1.47 (0.77–2.81) | 0.238 | 1.11 (0.64–1.93) | 0.712 | 1.07 (0.59–1.96) | 0.816 |
Cirrhosis (no) | 0.619 | 0.567 | 0.873 | 0.871 | ||||
Yes | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 1.07 (0.85–1.35) | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | ||||
Bilirubin (< 1.3 mg/dL) | 0.535 | 0.642 | 0.437 | 0.788 | ||||
1.3–6.0 mg/dL | 1.29 (0.73–2.30) | 0.384 | 1.09 (0.54–2.18) | 0.819 | 0.76 (0.39–1.51) | 0.437 | 0.89 (0.45–1.77) | 0.748 |
> 6.1 mg/dL | 0.72 (0.27–1.91) | 0.509 | 0.60 (0.20–1.81) | 0.367 | 1.52 (0.67–3.45) | 0.318 | 1.31 (0.54–3.20) | 0.549 |
Perioperative α-fetoprotein level (< 20 ng/ml) | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.158 | 0.072 | ||||
20–400 ng/ml | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) | 0.485 | 1.29 (0.84–1.98) | 0.249 | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.804 | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 0.990 |
401–6000 ng/ml | 1.17 (0.50–2.74) | 0.712 | 1.28 (0.53–3.10) | 0.579 | 1.05 (0.49–2.21) | 0.908 | 1.14 (0.53–2.44) | 0.741 |
> 6000 ng/ml | 53.48 (6.62– > 100) | < 0.001 | > 100 (13.05– > 100) | < 0.001 | 13.6 (1.74– > 100) | 0.013 | 17.67 (2.24– > 100) | 0.006 |
Unknown | 0.76 (0.49–1.20) | 0.237 | 0.76 (0.45–1.27) | 0.291 | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 0.681 | 0.84 (0.55–1.26) | 0.390 |
Tumor number (single) | 0.220 | 0.483 | 0.059 | 0.032 | ||||
At least two | 1.39 (0.82–2.33) | 1.27 (0.65–2.5) | 1.61 (0.98–2.7) | 1.75 (1.05–2.94) | ||||
Vascular invasion (no) | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.002 | 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 2.81 (1.65–4.79) | < 0.001 | 2.65 (1.34–5.26) | 0.005 | 2.33 (1.41–3.86) | 0.001 | 2.56 (1.52–4.30) | < 0.001 |
Unspecified | 0.88 (0.39–1.97) | 0.755 | 0.72 (0.25–2.07) | 0.545 | 0.73 (0.37–1.46) | 0.377 | 0.59 (0.28–1.26) | 0.174 |
TAE (no) | 0.094 | 0.092 | 0.619 | 0.433 | ||||
Yes | 1.43 (0.94–2.16) | 1.52 (0.94–2.47) | 1.10 (0.75–1.63) | 1.17 (0.79–1.75) | ||||
Body mass index (< 30.0 kg/m2) | 0.170 | 0.281 | 0.330 | 0.189 | ||||
≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 0.78 (0.50–1.20) | 0.260 | 0.82 (0.5–1.34) | 0.421 | 0.83 (0.56–1.24) | 0.363 | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) | 0.461 |
Unspecified | 1.59 (0.85–2.96) | 0.148 | 1.65 (0.79–3.44) | 0.183 | 1.40 (0.78–2.51) | 0.258 | 1.64 (0.90–2.97) | 0.104 |
Smoking status (non-smoker) | 0.743 | 0.983 | 0.084 | 0.074 | ||||
Smoker | 1.02 (0.72–1.44) | 0.920 | 1.02 (0.68–1.52) | 0.943 | 0.97 (0.7–1.34) | 0.865 | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 0.942 |
Unspecified | 0.44 (0.06–3.58) | 0.444 | > 100 (0– > 100) | 0.865 | 0.10 (0.01–0.77) | 0.027 | 0.09 (0.01–0.72) | 0.023 |
Drinking habit (never intake alcohol) | 0.646 | 0.987 | 0.067 | 0.095 | ||||
Habitual drink | 1.25 (0.73–2.16) | 0.417 | 1.01 (0.51–1.99) | 0.980 | 1.46 (0.89–2.39) | 0.136 | 1.38 (0.82–2.32) | 0.220 |
Quit or rare | 1.14 (0.77–1.68) | 0.516 | 1.08 (0.69–1.68) | 0.746 | 1.17 (0.81–1.68) | 0.408 | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | 0.706 |
Unspecified | 2.59 (0.33–20.01) | 0.363 | 0 (0– > 100) | 0.859 | 10.15 (1.31–78.55) | 0.026 | 10.57 (1.34–83.48) | 0.025 |
Chemotherapy (no) | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.151 | 0.132 | ||||
Yes | 0.39 (0.23–0.65) | 0.35 (0.18–0.67) | 0.74 (0.48–1.12) | 0.71 (0.46–1.11) | ||||
Radiotherapy (no) | 0.534 | 0.992 | 0.134 | 0.168 | ||||
Yes | 0.82 (0.44–1.53) | 1.00 (0.48–2.08) | 1.48 (0.89–2.47) | 1.47 (0.85–2.52) | ||||
