Table 3 Parameter settings of the related test functions.

From: A many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on three states for solving many-objective optimization problem

Test function

M

D

FEs

N

DTLZ1

5, 8, 10, 15, 20

M + 4

M*10000

210(M = 5)

DTLZ7

M + 19

120(M = 8)

DTLZ2-6

M + 9

220(M = 10)

WFG1-9

K + L(K = M-1, L = 10)

120(M = 15)

MaF1-6

M + 9

210(M = 20)