Table 4 Number of pre-existing diseases, results of urine tests and laboratory parameter on the day of admission for the patient groups “Rejected IE”, “Possible IE” and “Definite IE”.

From: Evaluating the Duke Criteria for infectious endocarditis in a single-center retrospective study

Parameter

Rejected IE (n = 15)

Possible IE (n = 19)

Definite IE (n = 129)

p value1

p value2

Pre-existing cardiovascular disease, n (%)

 Cardiac arrhythmia

8/15 (53.3)

12/19 (63.2)

68/129 (52.7)

0.716

 

 Coronary heart disease

9/15 (60)

8/19 (42.1)

54/129 (41.9)

0.448

 

 Diabetes mellitus

2/15 (13.3)

4/19 (21.1)

39/129 (30.2)

0.351

 

  Diabetic long-term consequences

1/2 (50)

2/4 (50)

19/30 (63.3)

0.818

 

 Hypertension

10/15 (66.7)

15/19 (78.9)

82/129 (63.6)

0.439

 

 Left ventricular ejection fraction < 55%

5/12 (41.7)

9/16 (56.3)

57/113 (50.4)

0.781

 

 Open wounds

4/15 (26.7)

2/19 (10.5)

17/129 (13.2)

0.349

 

 Peripheral artery disease

2/15 (13.3)

3/19 (15.8)

17/129 (13.2)

0.916

 

 Post myocardial infarction

4/15 (26.7)

2/19 (10.5)

21/129 (16.3)

0.438

 

 Structural heart disease

1/15 (6.7)

2/19 (10.5)

9/129 (7)

0.856

 

Other, n (%)

 Age (years), median (IQR)

73.7 (65.8–80.7)

75.1 (67.7–88.1)

65.9 (55.2–75.6)

0.007

0.042

 Cancer

2/15 (13.3)

1/19 (5.3)

12/129 (9.3)

0.776

 

 Chronic renal insufficiency

6/15 (40)

8/19 (42.1)

37/129 (28.7)

0.361

 

 Dialysis

1/15 (6.7)

0/19 (0)

6/129 (4.7)

0.609

 

 Hypo- or Hyperthyreosis

2/15 (13.3)

4/19 (21.1)

26/129 (20.2)

0.878

 

 Immunosuppression

0/15 (0)

3/19 (15.8)

8/129 (6.2)

0.184

1.000

 Reduced dental status

0/2 (0)

1/2 (50)

9/25 (36)

0.784

 

 Rheumatological disease

4/15 (26.7)

2/19 (10.5)

6/129 (4.7)

0.012

0.011

Urine test results, n (%)

Leukocyturia

 On day 1

0/1 (0)

2/7 (28.6)

24/48 (50)

0.431

 

 On day 1–2

1/4 (25)

2/7 (28.6)

28/60 (46.7)

0.536

 

 On day 1–3

1/5 (20)

2/7 (28.6)

29/61 (47.5)

0.398

 

 On day 1–4

1/6 (16.7)

3/8 (37.5)

31/66 (47)

0.339

 

 Until discharge

1/9 (11.1)

4/12 (33.3)

39/87 (44.8)

0.113

0.075

Microhematuria

 On day 1

0/1 (0)

4/7 (57.1)

35/47 (74.5)

0.237

 

 On day 1–2

2/4 (50)

4/7 (57.1)

45/60 (75)

0.282

 

 On day 1–3

3/5 (60)

4/7 (57.1)

46/61 (75.4)

0.429

 

 On day 1–4

3/6 (50)

5/8 (62.5)

50/66 (75.8)

0.266

 

 Until discharge

4/9 (44.4)

7/12 (58.3)

63/87 (72.4)

0.151

0.124

Leukocyturia and microhematuria

1/9 (11.1)

4/12 (33.3)

34/87 (39.1)

0.273

 

Laboratory parameter on the day of admission

 Hemoglobin (g/dl)

n

14/15

19/19

127/129

  

median (IQR)

12.2 (10.6–13.5)

11 (10.5–11.3)

10.8 (9.3–12.7)

0.259

 

 Leukocytes (1000/µl)

n

14/15

19/19

127/129

  

median (IQR)

9.1 (6.5–11)

8.8 (7.1–11.3)

10.3 (7.5–15.2)

0.205

 

 Thrombocytes (1000/µl)

n

14/15

19/19

126/129

  

median (IQR)

193 (126.5–309.5)

148 (97–228)

191.5 (127.8–280.5)

0.309

 

 C-reactive protein (mg/l)

n

14/15

18/19

123/129

  

median (IQR)

49.3 (17.7–155.5)

59.8 (44–83.9)

73.9 (45–147.7)

0.228

 

 Creatine kinase (U/l)

n

10/15

16/19

105/129

  

median (IQR)

77.5 (37.5–145.5)

88 (67.3–145)

52 (34.5–100)

0.107

0.404

 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/l)

n

11/15

17/19

112/129

  

median (IQR)

269 (225–368)

293 (240–458.5)

300.5 (240–392.5)

0.630

 

 NT-proBNP (pg/ml)

n

8/15

9/19

52/129

  

median (IQR)

2292 (867.5–3989.5)

10,800 (7634–35,000)

3878.5 (1112–11,097.8)

0.014

0.344

 Sodium (mmol/l)

n

15/15

19/19

129/129

  

median (IQR)

137 (135–141)

140 (138–142)

137 (133–139.5)

0.009

0.225

 Potassium (mmol/l)

n

14/15

18/19

128/129

  

median (IQR)

3.95 (3.7–4.2)

3.75 (3.6–4.3)

4.0 (3.5–4.5)

0.769

 

 Creatinine (µmol/l)

n

15/15

19/19

129/129

  

median (IQR)

123 (75–185)

132 (73–209)

103 (78.5–162)

0.772

 
  1. P value1 refers to the groups “Rejected IE”, “Possible IE” and “Definite IE”. For nominal variables the Exact Fisher-Freeman-Halton-Test respectively the Chi-Square-Test was used and for metric variables the Kruskal–Wallis-Test respectively the Mann–Whitney-U-Test was used.
  2. P value2 refers to the groups “Rejected IE” and “Definite IE” and was only calculated when the respective p value1 was < 0.2. Fisher’s-Exact-Test or Mann–Whitney-U-Test was used.
  3. IE infective endocarditis, n number of patients, NT-proBNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, WBC white blood cell count, PLT platelets.
  4. Significant values are in bold italic.
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