Table 1 Running time comparisons of algorithms for Rastrigin function.

From: A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for antimicrobial peptide toxicity prediction

Algorithms

Average

Standard deviation

Average time (s)

AOA

8949.10

3099.44

0.60

SCA

1337.74

615.063

0.23

WOA

6779.46

3050.33

0.19

GNDO

370.971

275.086

1.14

GWO

41.7309

18.1735

0.83

IGWO

35.6943

8.81669

1.98

PSO

18.6498

8.11710

2.64

h-PSOGNDO

14.8236

6.73847

0.85