Fig. 2

Workflow of the pipeline used in the study to analyze both clinical and radiomics data. On the left half of the workflow: clinical features were obtained from all patients with CT imaging available, the respective VOIs (TBV and GT) were segmented, and the subsequent radiomics features extracted. On the right half of the workflow: for each evaluated dataset, a 50-repeat nested cross-validation was performed. Within the inner fold normalization, feature selection and an exhaustive grid search for optimal hyperparameters was performed.