Table 1 The results of EPLs optimization in the 33-bus network (scenario#1).
Item/value | Base network | IFHO | FHO | PSO | GWO | MRFO | AEFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EPLs size/@location (bus) | – | 275/@8 354/@14 349/@29 | 133/@8 342/@14 191/@31 101/@32 | 258/@7 275/@8 196/@29 | 137/@7 444/@29 300/@32 | 332/@14 158/@21 347/@24 266/@32 | 386/@21 244/@24 292/@31 |
Cost of losses ($) | 53,144 | 37,396 | 37,863 | 37,534 | 37,580 | 37,679 | 37,612 |
Voltage deviation (p.u) | 0.0176 | 0.0148 | 0.0149 | 0.0148 | 0.0148 | 0.0149 | 0.0148 |
Cost of ENS ($) | 1,188,585 | 333,347 | 335,311 | 333,937 | 334,131 | 334,525 | 334,250 |
Cost of grid ($) | 1,694,846 | 999,574 | 1,005,679 | 1,001,404 | 1,002,007 | 1,003,240 | 1,002,383 |
Cost of EPLS ($) | – | 1,181,920 | 1,209,473 | 1,205,771 | 1,207,532 | 1,210,205 | 1,216,954 |
OF | 1 | 0.7356 | 0.7399 | 0.7369 | 0.7373 | 0.7383 | 0.7377 |
