Table 3 Numerical results of EPLS optimization in 33-bus distribution network (scenario#2).

From: An improved meta-heuristic method for optimal optimization of electric parking lots in distribution network

Item/value

Base network

IFHO

FHO

PSO

GWO

MRFO

AEFA

EPLs size/@Location (bus)

–

310/@8

233/@14

360/@24

280/@31

126/@7

250/@24

197/@29

328/@31

184/@7

267/@21

295/@24

442/@29

253/@14

139/@21

131/@29

202/@31

333/@32

218/@7

244/@14

172/@21

252/@24

233/@32

177/@8

196/@14

235/@21

163/@31

284/@32

Cost of losses ($)

53,144

39,284

39,765

39,479

39,521

39,573

39,591

Voltage deviation (p.u)

0.0176

0.0152

0.0153

0.0152

0.0148

0.0152

0.0153

Cost of ENS ($)

1,188,585

341,593

343,155

341,980

342,171

342,368

342,450

Cost of grid ($)

1,694,846

1,023,986

1,030,098

1,026,440

1,027,025

1,027,649

1,027,901

Cost of EPLS ($)

–

1,230,986

1,276,098

1,248,440

1,254,025

1,258,649

1,263,901

OF

1

0.7532

0.7577

0.7550

0.7555

0.7559

0.7561

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