Fig. 5
From: Depth-resolved characterization of Meissner screening breakdown in surface treated niobium

Strong field-dependence of the measured effective magnetic penetration depth (data points) for the “O-doping” sample, compared to a linear Meissner penetration depth model for various reduced critical temperatures \(T_c\). Note that the penetration depth values are plotted against the surface fields, i.e., \(B_{0} = \mathscr{E}\!\!B_{a}\).