Table 2 Changes in clinical parameters, laboratory values, and measurement outcomes of patients with diet intervention and usual diet.

From: Impact of diet intervention on visceral adipose tissue and hepatic fat in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial

 

All

Diet intervention

Usual diet

P*

(n = 79)

(n = 43)

(n = 36)

Body weight (kg)

 − 2.0 ± 2.5

 − 2.9 ± 2.6

 − 0.8 ± 1.8

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

 − 0.8 ± 0.9

 − 1.1 ± 1.0

 − 0.3 ± 0.7

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

 − 2.4 ± 6.0

 − 3.9 ± 6.2

 − 0.6 ± 5.3

0.013

Hip circumference (cm)

 − 2.8 ± 4.7

 − 3.6 ± 4.9

 − 1.8 ± 4.5

0.103

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

0.4 ± 15.4

 − 0.5 ± 17.2

1.4 ± 13.2

0.573

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 − 0.6 ± 10.2

 − 1.2 ± 10.0

0.2 ± 10.6

0.554

Heart rate (bpm)

 − 3.4 ± 12.1

 − 5.1 ± 12.6

 − 1.4 ± 11.4

0.176

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

 − 0.4 ± 12.6

 − 1.8 ± 13.7

1.3 ± 11.1

0.277

HbA1C (%)

 − 0.1 ± 0.5

 − 0.2 ± 0.6

0.01 ± 0.3

0.137

Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)

 − 6.3 ± 31.5

 − 6.2 ± 39.4

 − 6.3 ± 18.8

0.992

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

 − 8.5 ± 52.4

 − 7.2 ± 40.7

 − 10.1 ± 64.3

0.810

HDL (mg/dl)

0.4 ± 7.0

0.1 ± 6.3

0.8 ± 7.9

0.655

Calculated LDL (mg/dl)

 − 2.7 ± 22.0

 − 0.6 ± 22.8

 − 5.2 ± 21.1

0.361

AST (U/L)

 − 3.1 ± 10.4

 − 2.0 ± 10.1

 − 4.3 ± 10.7

0.322

ALT (U/L)

 − 3.3 ± 10.5

 − 3.8 ± 10.7

 − 2.6 ± 10.4

0.623

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

 − 1.3 ± 8.8

 − 1.6 ± 9.8

 − 0.8 ± 7.4

0.691

Albumin (g/dl)

0.5 ± 5.5

 − 0.3 ± 3.9

1.6 ± 6.8

0.129

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.01 ± 0.1

0.01 ± 0.1

 − 0.01 ± 0.1

0.187

Sodium (mmol/L)

0.4 ± 2.3

0.6 ± 2.3

0.2 ± 2.2

0.498

Potassium (mmol/L)

 − 0.3 ± 0.8

 − 0.2 ± 0.7

 − 0.3 ± 0.9

0.790

Uric acid (mg/dl)

0.01 ± 0.8

0.1 ± 1.0

 − 0.1 ± 0.6

0.175

Hs-CRP (mg/L)

 − 0.8 ± 3.2

 − 0.9 ± 4.1

 − 0.6 ± 1.8

0.674

Urine albumin/Urine Cr (mg/g.cr)

1.3 ± 19.1

 − 0.2 ± 23.4

3.0 ± 12.3

0.482

Body fat mass (%)

 − 1.4 ± 4.3

 − 2.6 ± 4.0

0.1 ± 4.2

0.006

Visceral adipose tissue area (mm2)*

 − 836.2 ± 1623.9

 − 1467.9 ± 1467.6

 − 179.4 ± 1575.7

0.001

Hepatic fat (%)*

 − 1.3 ± 3.3

 − 2.6 ± 3.4

0.4 ± 2.2

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as the means (± SD).
  2. Bold indicates statistical significance.
  3. *Adjusted p-value for multiple comparisons at p < 0.025.
  4. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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