Fig. 20
From: A photovoltaic cell defect detection model capable of topological knowledge extraction

Feature map (The left subfigure represents the experimental results output by the model, while the right subfigures display different feature maps. These include the feature maps from the baseline model and our proposed method. Each subfigure illustrates the feature activation in specific regions, with the green highlighted areas indicating where the model has detected certain critical features, potentially associated with defects.)