Fig. 4

Results of Cross-sectional cohort (CSC) KEGG pathways and GO terms analyses. Among KEGG pathways (A) ITLN1 expression appeared most significantly associated with downregulation of genes related to olfactory transduction in VAT (384 genes, normalized enrichment group score -2.808, adj. p 0.003) and their upregulation in SAT, (384 genes, norm. enrich. score 1.45, adj. p 0.013). In VAT the second-ranked significant expression association included downregulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions (with 272 genes, norm. enrich. score − 2.08, adj. p 0.003), conversely upregulated in SAT (272 genes, norm. enrich. score 2.01, adj. p 0.013). Further information in Suppl. Table 4. (B) Among 4483 significantly enriched GO terms, the most significantly downregulated gene group in VAT (431 genes, norm. enrich. score − 2.91, adj. p 0.01) indicated expression patterns related to the sensory perception of smell. Most significantly enriched in SC was a gene group associated with axon development (474 genes, norm. enrich. score 1.48, adj. p 0.02. The second ranked GO-term group in VIS related ITLN1 expression to downregulation of genes involved in the meiotic cells cycle (252 genes, norm. enrich. score − 1.8, adj. p 0.005). Other downregulated gene groups in VAT also related to meiotic cell cycle processes (e.g., 195 other genes, norm. enrich. score − 1.8, adj. p 0.005). The second-ranked most significantly enriched gene group in SAT related ITLN expression to upregulation synapse organization (414 genes, norm. enrich. score 0.0005, adj. p 0.02). Further information is provided in Suppl. Tab. 5.