Fig. 4

Comparison of the relative abundance of the five major OTUs between the scalp swab, hair swab, and hair shaft. Relative abundance of (a) OTU2 related to Cutibacterium acnes, (b) OTU3 related to Pseudomonas allii, (c) OTU4 related to Staphylococcus epidermidis, (d) OTU5 related to Lawsonella clevelandensis, and (e) OTU7 related to Curvibacter gracillis. The different letters mean that there are significant differences of each bacterial phyla between the sample groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.01).