Fig. 7

Changes in landscape patterns of different grades of human activities and ecosystem assets in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020. (a) and (b) show changes in area (AREA) of different grades of human activities and ecosystem assets, respectively; (c−f) show changes in NP, AREA-MN, LPI, and LSI for different grades of human activities, respectively; (g–j) show changes in NP, AREA-MN, LPI, and LSI for different grades of ecosystem assets, respectively.