Fig. 1

Scheme of the differentiation of monocytes from the peripheral blood of patients into macrophage (MDM) classes. The cells were differentiated in the presence of M-CSF from the day of culture initiation to day 7, and the media were replaced with fresh media on days 3 and 6. On the eighth day, the MDMs were treated with factors differentiating them into macrophage classes: M0 (initial cells, stimulating factor: M-CSF 50 ng/mL), M1 (stimulating factor: LPS 100 ng/mL, INFγ 50 ng/mL), M2a (stimulatory factor: IL-4 50 ng/mL) and M2c (stimulatory factor: IL-10 50 ng/mL). The differentiation process was carried out in the absence or presence of calcitriol (1, 10, and 100 nM). After 48 h, the cells were treated with LPS for another 24 h. On day 11, the cells were collected for phenotypic analysis (flow cytometry). M-CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor: 50 ng/mL; LPS, lipopolysaccharide: 100 ng/mL; INFγ, interferon gamma: 50 ng/mL; IL-4, interleukin 4:50 ng/mL; IL-10, interleukin 10:50 ng/mL.