Fig. 4

Clock genes expression in pituitary gland. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparison Sidak post hoc test: *indicates diet effect (***p ≤ 0.05), and ab letters indicate photoperiod effect in each photoperiod effect. Data are plotted as the mean ± SEM (n = 7–8). L6: 6 h light/18 h darkness, L12: 12 h light/12 h darkness, L18: 18 h light/6 h darkness, STD: standard chow diet; CAF: cafeteria diet, ABX: antibiotic cocktail.