Fig. 1
Comparison of bias and distribution of temperature. Spatial pattern of bias in the annual mean temperature (°C) for (a,b) Central and (c,d) South America domains (first column) before and (second column) after applying bias correction during 1996–2005. Slanted lines indicate the grids where the WRF/WRF-BC simulation shows added value compared to the driving MPI simulation with lesser bias in temperature. Numerical values in each panel indicate the pattern correlations of mean temperature with ERA5L dataset. (e) Comparison of daily temperature distribution over various sub-regions of the Latin America (as indicated in the inset Figure) between the (dotted lines) WRF, (dashed lines) WRF-BC simulations and (solid lines) ERA5L dataset. Numerical values indicate the skill score of WRF (WRF-BC) against the ERA5L data. The boundaries of the subregions are as follows: Central America (CAM, 12–30 N; 120.5–83.5 W), Amazon (AMZ, 20 S–10 N; 78.5–34.5 W), Central South America (CSA, 40–20 S; 78.5–34.5 W), Southern South America (SSA, 56–40 S; 78.5–34.5 W) and South America (SAM, 56 S–10 N; 90–30 W). (This map was generated using GrADS (Version 2.1.a3), https://cola.gmu.edu/grads/).
