Table 1 Validation loss and approximate time to train the model for different benchmarked models.

From: A scalable convolutional neural network approach to fluid flow prediction in complex environments

Architecture

Parameters

MSE

Time (min)

U-net

1,081,914

0.0471

90

Residual U-net

1,475,946

0.0350

200

Gated residual U-net

2,016,858

0.0324

240

Nested U-net

566,586

4.2372

330

Recurrent Residual U-net

3,306,154

0.0305

270

  1. Gated residual U-net and Recurrent U-net achieved the lowest mean-square error (MSE) on test data.