Fig. 1

Location of the two study sites within the Sudanian and the Sudano-Sahelian climate zones in Burkina Faso, West Africa. The climate zones of the country followed the classification based on the annually rainfall amount and the thermal regime43. Spatial data of the country were obtained from the geographical institute of Burkina Faso (IGB). The map of the study area was processed using the software ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 software Version 10.7.0.10450 (http://www.esri.com).