Fig. 3

Biomass fuel burning during the experimental prescribed fires in grass savanna: (a) Pre-fire biomass fuel, (b) Delimitation of the experimental plot using a 2 m fire break for individual observation at the plot level, (c) assessment of pre-fire biomass fuel using sub-plot quadrat (1 m × 1 m), (d) Fire ignition for assessment of fire cover rate and quantification of post-fire biomass fuel, (e) Plot showing post-fire biomass fuel (unburned biomass and residual biomass), (f) assessment of post-fire biomass fuel using sub-plot quadrat (1 m × 1 m), (g) Pre-fire biomass fuel burning on the metal sheet to determine the proportion of (h) residual biomass that remains mixed with the soil after the fire, and (i) Pre-fire and residual samples for carbon content determination at the laboratory.