Fig. 1

(a) SEM micrograph along with image quality (IQ) and phase map as well as inverse pole figure (IPF) map of the brazed bead, revealing a Cu matrix with embedded particles, (b) HAADF image and corresponding EDS maps of the particles show that the particles are primarily composed of Fe, Si, and Mn, (c) Load-displacement (\(\:P-h\)) curve obtained from the indentation test, (d) 70° tilted SEM micrograph of the indentation area along with high magnification SEM micrograph of the pile-up and SBs formed surrounding the indentor, and (e) high magnification SEM micrograph showing pile-up and SBs formed around the indenter.