Table 2 Associations between baseline (T1) characteristics and health status change at 5 years (T2): univariate analysis.

From: Health status of individuals with polyhandicap across a 5-year follow-up period

  

Global severity ~

Abilities severity ~

Comorbidities severity ~

Non-worsened

Stable-worsened

p

Non-worsened

Stable-worsened

p

Non-worsened

Stable-worsened

p

N = 140

N = 309

N = 169

N = 310

N = 91

N = 368

N (%)

Med [IQR]

N (%)

Med [IQR]

N (%)

Med [IQR]

N (%)

Med [IQR]

N (%)

Med [IQR]

N (%)

Med [IQR]

Sex

Boys/men

75 (53.6)

165 (53.4)

0.973

89 (52.7)

166 (53.5)

0.853

47 (51.6)

199 (54.1)

0.678

Girls/women

65 (46.4)

144 (46.6)

 

80 (47.3)

144 (46.5)

 

44 (48.4)

169 (45.9)

 

Age 2015-16

 

30 [17–45]

24 [15–44]

0.108

27 [17–43]

23 [13–44]

0.239

26 [16–45]

25 [15–44]

0.299

Aetiology lesion time

Antenatal

43 (37.4)

129 (53.8)

0.018

60 (41.7)

127 (53.4)

0.024

27 (40.3)

152 (51.2)

0.316

Perinatal

33 (28.7)

61 (25.4)

 

41 (28.5)

60 (25.2)

 

19 (28.4)

76 (25.6)

 

Postnatal

23 (20.0)

31 (12.9)

 

22 (15.3)

36 (15.1)

 

14 (20.9)

40 (13.5)

 

Non classifiable

16 (13.9)

19 (7.9)

 

21 (14.6)

16 (6.3)

 

7 (10.4)

29 (9.8)

 

Aetiology nature

Progressive

14 (11.4)

55 (20.3)

0.039

23 (15.4)

52 (19.1)

0.037

10 (13.7)

64 (19.4)

0.423

Non-progressive

98 (79.7)

203 (74.9)

 

110 (73.8)

208 (76.5)

 

57 (78.1)

247 (74.8)

 

Non classifiable

11 (8.9)

55 (20.3)

 

16 (10.7)

12 (4.4)

 

6 (8.2)

19 (5.8)

 

Care management

Spec. rehab. centres

66 (47.1)

197 (63.8)

0.002

62 (36.7)

203 (65.5)

< 0.001

50 (54.9)

214 (58.2)

0.691

modalities

Resid. facilities

71 (50.7)

102 (33.0)

 

104 (61.5)

94 (30.3)

 

39 (42.9)

142 (38.6)

 

Home

3 (2.1)

10 (3.2)

 

3 (1.8)

13 (4.2)

 

2 (2.2)

12 (3.3)

 

Mobility (GMFCS)

III–IV

39 (27.9)

93 (30.4)

0.586

48 (28.4)

99 (71.6)

0.373

30 (33.0)

108 (29.6)

0.413

V

101 (72.1)

213 (69.6)

 

121 (71.6)

207 (67.6)

 

61 (67.0)

257 (70.4)

 

Functional independency

(FIM score)

20 [18–22]

20 [18–26]

0.009

20 [18–22]

20 [18–26]

0.261

20 [18–25]

20 [18–25]

0.540

Profound intellectual

Yes

130 (92.9)

263 (85.4)

0.026

155 (92.3)

256 (82.8)

0.004

78 (85.7)

317 (86.4)

0.870

Impairment

No

10 (7.1)

45 (14.6)

 

13 (7.7)

53 (17.2)

 

13 (14.3)

50 (13.6)

 

Behavioural disorders

Yes

114 (81.4)

246 (81.2)

0.952

110 (74.8)

239 (89.2)

< 0.001

79 (85.0)

285 (78.5)

0.048

No

26 (18.6)

57 (18.8)

 

37 (25.2)

29 (10.8)

 

11 (12.2)

78 (21.5)

 

Number of devices

 

0 [0–1]

0 [0–1]

0.739

0 [0–1]

0 [0–1]

0.056

0 [0–1]

0 [0–1]

0.525

Number of medications

 

7 [5–9]

7 [5–10]

0.568

7 [5–8]

8 [5–10]

0.005

8 [5–10]

7 [5–9]

0.284

  1. Bold values; p < 0.05.
  2. T1: 2015-16 evaluation ; T2: 2020-21 evaluation; p: p value ; N (%): number (percents); Med [IQR]: median [interquartile range].
  3. ~ from the PSS (Polyhandicap Severity Scale) scores; T2 score minus T1 score = D, if D < 0 non-worsened, if D > = 0 stable-worsened.
  4. Spec. rehab. centres: specialized rehabilitation centres.
  5. Resid. facilities: residential facilities.
  6. GMFCS: Gross Motor Function Scale.
  7. FIM: Functional Independency Measure.
  8. Profound intellectual Impairment: Intelligence quotient < 25 or non-evaluable.
  9. Behavioural disorders: intermittent screaming and/or agitation and/or stereotypies and/or intermittent crying and/or self-aggression and/or hetero-aggression.
  10. Devices: invasive mechanical ventilation, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, nasogastric tube, gastrostomy, permanent urinary probe, cerebrospinal fluid derivation, and central venous catheter.
  11. Medications: laxatives, anti-convulsants, antalgics, psychotropics, antispastics, antidystonics, antibiotics, osteoporosis prevention, iron supplementation.
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