Table 3 The age-adjusted equations for predicted values of the median (M), the variability around the median (S) and the skewness (L) for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), Augmentation Index (AIx), forward wave amplitude (Pf), and backward wave amplitude (Pb) in females and males, extracted by LMS method.

From: Reference equations for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, amplitude of forward and backward wave in a European general adult population

Variable

Sex

M (Median)

S (Variability around the Median)

L (Skewness)

cfPWV (m/sec)

Female

Exp (1.705 + 0.0073 * Age)

Exp (− 2.140 + 0.0074 * Age)

 − 0.7200

Male

Exp (1.769 + 0.0070 * Age)

Exp (− 2.046 + 0.0058 * Age)

 − 0.6307

AIx1 (%)

Female

Exp (3.976 + 0.2266 * log (Age))

Exp (− 1.273–0.3239 * log (Age))

1.6943

Male

Exp (3.815 + 0.2485 * log (Age))

Exp (− 1.025 − 0.3617 * log (Age))

1.0469

Pf (mmHg)

Female

Exp (2.980 + 0.00548 * Age)

Exp (− 1.576 + 0.0035 * Age)

0.3488

Male

Exp (3.133 + 0.0030 * Age)

Exp (− 1.382–0.0003* Age)

0.1310

Pb (mmHg)

Female

Exp (1.998 + 0.0157 * Age)

Exp (− 1.371 + 0.0016 * Age)

0.3678

Male

Exp (2.078 + 0.01258 * Age)

Exp (− 1.200 − 0.0011* Age)

0.1720

  1. 1AIx reference equations are extracted after shifting all values + 100 units to ensure all values of AIx are positive. y + 100 must be used instead of y in the formula of LMS for calculating z scores for AIx (Eq. 1).
Back to article page