Table 1 Secondary indicators and proxy variables of the digital economy and their sources.
From: Digital economy, technological progress, and carbon emissions in Chinese provinces
Primary indicators | Secondary indicators | Proxy variable | Indicator direction | Indicator source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Development Level of Digital Economy | Digital Technology Adoption | Internet users per 100 people | + | 2014–2022 《Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development》 |
Number of mobile phone users per 100 people | + | 2014–2022 《Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development》 | ||
Fiber optic cable route length | + | 2014–2022 《Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development》 | ||
Digital industrialization | Per capital total telecommunications services | + | 2014–2022 《Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development》 | |
Total software business volume | + | 2014-2022Statistical Yearbook by Province | ||
Number of digital TV users | + | 2014–2022 《Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development》 | ||
Industrial digitization | China Digital Inclusive Finance Index | + | 《Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index》 | |
Total volume of express delivery business | + | 2014–2022 《China Statistical Yearbook》 | ||
E-commerce sales revenue | + | China Economic Network Statistical Database | ||
Digital governance | Number of government websites | + | 2014–2022 《Statistical Report on Internet Development in China》 |
