Table 2 Constructs and their corresponding questionnaire items for evaluating the GVDC.

From: The impact of an online gamified virtual tour on cognitive enhancement in dental practice management

Constructs

Items

Perceived usefulness

- The GVDC helped me better understand dental clinic administration.

- The GVDC allowed me to improve my skills in dental clinic administration.

- The GVDC reduced travel-related challenges (e.g., time and expenses).

- The GVDC shortened my learning time compared to traditional methods (e.g., textbooks).

- The GVDC helped me visualize a dental clinic environment more effectively.

Perceived ease of use

- The GVDC was easily accessible with an internet connection.

- The GVDC interface was user-friendly and straightforward.

- The tour navigation within the GVDC was easy to follow, allowing for thorough exploration.

- The images and text in the GVDC were clear and easy to read.

- The language used in the GVDC was simple and understandable.

Perceived enjoyment

- The features of the GVDC made learning more engaging.

- The challenges in the GVDC motivated me to complete all learning tasks.

- Interacting with the GVDC made the learning process more enjoyable.

- The simulated experience of visiting a dental clinic enhanced my enjoyment.

- The visual design of the GVDC was visually appealing and attractive.