Fig. 12 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 12

From: Identifying groundwater characteristics and controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay’s northern coastal region, China: a combined approach of multivariate statistics, isotope analysis, and field empirical investigations

Fig. 12

Location and summary of key field empirical investigation points related to seawater intrusion: (a) artificial introduction of seawater; (b) lack of water infrastructure to prevent seawater intrusion; (c) utilization of high-salinity surface water mixed with seawater for aquaculture; (d) widespread extraction of surface water for irrigation of landscaped green spaces; (e) alarming large-scale extraction and discharge of groundwater associated with construction projects; (f) unregulated extraction of groundwater for agricultural production.

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