Table 1 The standard, weights, and relative weights of each parameter in WQI calculation25,46,47.

From: Identifying groundwater characteristics and controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay’s northern coastal region, China: a combined approach of multivariate statistics, isotope analysis, and field empirical investigations

Chemical parameters

WHO standard

Weight (wi)

Relative weight (Wi)

pH (/)

6.5–8.5

3

0.0833

TDS (mg/L)

1000

5

0.1389

EC(μs/cm)

1500

5

0.1389

Na+ (mg/L)

200

2

0.0556

K+ (mg/L)

12

1

0.0278

Ca2+ (mg/L)

300

3

0.0833

Mg2+ (mg/L)

100

3

0.0833

Cl (mg/L)

250

4

0.1111

SO42− (mg/L)

250

4

0.1111

HCO3 (mg/L)

500

1

0.0278

NO3 (mg/L)

50

5

0.1389

  

∑wi = 36

∑Wi = 1

  1. All concentrations are in mg/L except pH.