Table 4 Hydrochemistry type results of surface water and groundwater samples based on HFE diagram.

From: Identifying groundwater characteristics and controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay’s northern coastal region, China: a combined approach of multivariate statistics, isotope analysis, and field empirical investigations

Water facies in HFE diagram

Number and percentage of samples

Wet season of 2020 and 2023

Dry season of 2021 and 2024

Surface water and seawater

Pore aquifer samples

Fractured aquifer samples

Pore aquifer samples

Fractured aquifer samples

1. Na–HCO3

2. Na–MixHCO3

1/4.17%

1/4.35%

3. Na–MixCl

1/4.17%

1/4.17%

4. Na–Cl

21/87.5%

2/8.33%

22/95.65%

1/6.25%

26/100%

5. MixNa–HCO3

6. MixNa–MixHCO3

7. MixNa–MixCl

8. MixNa–Cl

4/16.67%

1/6.25%

9. MixCa–HCO3

10. MixCa–MixHCO3

1/6.25%

11. MixCa–MixCl

2/8.33%

12. MixCa–Cl

4/25.00%

13. Ca–HCO3

1/4.17%

14. Ca–MixHCO3

6/25.00%

4/25.00%

15. Ca–MixCl

8/33.33%

1/6.25%

16. Ca–Cl

1/4.17%

4/25.00%

Total

24/100%

24/100%

23/100%

16/100%

26/100%