Table 5 Stage division of groundwater and surface water samples based on HFE diagram4,78.

From: Identifying groundwater characteristics and controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay’s northern coastal region, China: a combined approach of multivariate statistics, isotope analysis, and field empirical investigations

Stage

Sub-stage

Number and percentage of samples

Wet season of 2020 and 2023

Dry season of 2021 and 2024

Surface water and seawater

Pore aquifer samples

Fractured aquifer samples

Pore aquifer samples

Fractured aquifer samples

Freshening stage

f1

5/20.83%

6/25.00%

3/13.04%

1/6.25%

2/7.69%

f2

1/4.17%

1/4.17%

f3

1/4.17%

2/8.33%

1/4.35%

2/12.5%

f4

Freshwater

1/4.17%

Intrusion stage

i1

4/16.67%

3/18.75%

i2

10/41.67%

1/6.25%

i3

7/43.75%

i4

1/4.17%

1/6.25%

Seawater

16/66.67%

19/82.61

1/6.25%

24/92.31%

Total

24/100%

24/100%

23/100%

16/100%

26/100%