Fig. 1
From: Consumption of ultra-processed foods and dental caries in Brazilian adolescents
A theoretical model for the association between UPF consumption and dental caries in adolescents aged 18–19. São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, 2016. SES: Socio-economic Status; PA: Physical Activity; UPF: Ultra-Processed Foods; CRH: Concurrent Risk Habits; BMD: Bone Mineral Density; OHH: Oral Hygiene Habits; VPI: Visible plaque Index; GBoP: Gingival Bleeding on Probing.
: Main Exposure;
: Outcome;
: Other observed variables;
: Unobserved variables (latent); 
: Main direct and indirect (mediated) paths tested in the model.
