Table 4 Direct, total, and total Indirect effects of Ultra-processed Foods on Dental Caries in adolescents (São Luís, Brazil 2016).

From: Consumption of ultra-processed foods and dental caries in Brazilian adolescents

Direct, indirect, and total pathways		Model 1. Bone Mineral Density-Lumbar		Model 2. Bone Mineral Density-Femoral		Model 3. Bone Mineral Density-Total
Direct, indirect, and total pathways		SC	P-value	SC	P-value	SC	P-value
Direct
	UPF → DC	0.071	0.003	0.072	0.003	0.071	0.003
	MM→ DC	0.030	0.193	0.025	0.314	0.035	0.136
	BMD→ DC	−0.001	0.947	0.019	0.655	−0.017	0.405
	OHH → DC	0.200	< 0.001	0.200	< 0.001	0.200	< 0.001
	CRH → DC	−0.041	0.314	−0.055	0.318	−0.042	0.304
	SES → DC	0.270	< 0.001	0.269	< 0.001	0.269	< 0.001
Indirect
UPF → Dental Caries	Total	0.067	0.004	0.068	0.004	0.068	0.004
	Total indirect	−0.004	0.211	−0.004	0.202	−0.003	0.312
	Indirect specific
	UPF→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.668	0.001	0.444
	UPF→MM→DC	−0.004	0.206	-0.003	0.323	−0.005	0.151
	UPF→MM→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.655	0.001	0.415
	UPF→OHH→DC	0.041	0.002	0.040	0.002	0.039	0.003
MM→ Dental Caries	Total	0.030	0.190	0.028	0.226	0.031	0.177
	Total indirect	0.000	0.947	0.003	0.655	−0.004	0.409
	Indirect specific
	MM→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.003	0.655	0.035	0.136
CRH → Dental Caries	Total	0.042	< 0.001	0.039	< 0.001	0.040	< 0.001
	Total indirect	0.042	< 0.001	0.039	< 0.001	0.040	< 0.001
	Indirect specific
	CRH→BMD→DC	0.001	0.863	0.000	0.684	0.000	0.951
	CRH→UPF→DC	0.009	0.038	0.008	0.040	0.008	0.041
	CRH→MM→DC	0.005	0.210	0.004	0.324	0.006	0.156
	CRH→OHH→DC	0.029	< 0.001	0.027	0.001	0.027	0.001
	CRH→UPF→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.672	0.000	0.461
	CRH→MM→BMD→DC	0.000	0.255	0.000	0.657	−0.001	0.416
	CRH→UPF→MM→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.358	−0.001	0.210
PA→ Dental Caries	Total	−0.012	0.198	-0.013	0.186	−0.012	0.193
	Total indirect	−0.012	0.198	-0.013	0.186	−0.012	0.193
	Indirect specific
	PA→BMD→DC	0.000	0.946	-0.002	0.656	0.000	0.533
	PA→MM→DC	−0.012	0.196	-0.010	0.316	−0.014	0.139
	PA→MM→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	-0.001	0.655	0.002	0.410
SES→ Dental Caries	Total	0.311	< 0.001	0.310	< 0.001	0.311	< 0.001
	Total indirect	0.041	< 0.001	0.042	< 0.001	0.042	< 0.001
	Indirect specific
	SES →BMD→ DC	0.000	0.947	0.001	0.653	0.001	0.407
	SES → UPF→ DC	0.009	0.008	0.009	0.008	0.009	0.009
	SES →MM→ DC	−0.002	0.277	-0.001	0.372	−0.002	0.231
	SES →OHH→ DC	0.033	< 0.001	0.033	< 0.001	0.034	< 0.001
	SES → UPF→BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.670	0.000	0.451
	SES → UPF→MM→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.335	-0.001	0.171
	SES → CRH →BMD→ DC	0.000	0.978	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.971
	SES → CRH→ UPF →DC	0.000	0.976	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966
	SES → CRH→MM→DC	−0.001	0.277	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966
	SES →CRH→OHH → DC	0.000	0.976	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966
	SES → CRH→UPF→BMD→DC	0.000	0.978	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966
	SES → UPF →MM →BMD→DC	0.000	0.947	0.000	0.657	0.000	0.423
	SES → CRH→MM→BMD→ DC	0.000	0.978	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966
	SES →CRH →UPF →MM→ DC	0.000	0.976	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966
	SES→CRH→UPF→MM→ BMD→ DC	0.000	0.978	0.000	0.992	0.000	0.966

Significant values (P < 0.05) are in bold. SC: Standardized Coefficient. SES: Socioeconomic Status; PA: Physical Activity; UPF: Ultra-Processed Foods; CRH: Concurrent Risk Habits; BMD: Bone Mineral Density; OHH: Oral Hygiene Habits; VPI: Visible plaque Index; DC: Dental Caries.

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Table 4 Direct, total, and total Indirect effects of Ultra-processed Foods on Dental Caries in adolescents (São Luís, Brazil 2016).

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